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What
Causes Cataracts?
A
cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that interferes
with normal vision. Although scientists do not know what biological
mechanisms are responsible for the formation of cataracts, they
have identified several risk factors for the condition.
Risk
Factors
Ultraviolet
Radiation (UVA or UVB) - long-term exposure to ultraviolet
radiation can result in pigment changes that lead to the formation
of cataracts. UVB is especially dangerous to the eyes.
Free
Radicals - high levels of free radicals within the body
cause a chemical reaction that results in cell damage. This
can lead to the formation of cataracts.
Medications
- there are several drugs that can lead to cataract formation.
The most well known are oral steroids. In addition, long-term
aspirin use has been associated with cataracts. Other medications
that have been linked to cataracts include: tamoxifen (treats
breast cancer), allopurinol (treats gout), and amiodarone (treats
irregularities in heartbeat).
Smoking
- smoking has been linked to the formation of nuclear cataracts.
There is some evidence to suggest that chemical byproducts of
inhaled smoke are responsible for cataract formation.
Alcohol
- scientists have been unable to determine if alcohol use is
directly linked to the protein
on the eye, or if it is linked indirectly by blocking the
absorption of essential nutrients.
Medical
Disorders - there are several medical disorders that have
been associated with the formation of cataracts. These include
diabetes, glaucoma, and metabolic conditions.
Physical
Injury - physical injuries, such as a blow to the eye, a
cut, a puncture, intense heat or cold, chemical burns, or radiation
therapy, can lead to cataract formation.
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